美国八屋会计事务所

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减税与就业法案(TCJA) 与国际税收、审计 Audit


美国 Partnership 持 1,000万美元资产以上,被审计Audit几率增加。美国国税局就《减税与就业法案(TCJA)》新增及修改现有表格,以及国际税收的修订,显示出合伙企业税务申报变得日益复杂。美国国税局也在其2021年的目标中,当中包括由2021年开始向大型合伙企业(Partnership)进行审计项目,明确表示打算将合伙企业的审查数量增加50%。「大型合伙企业(Partnership)」的门槛只有1,000万美元的资产。

对于房产税已经接近于上线甚至超过一万的人来说,选择销售税不用担心明年的应税退款。如果在今年有购买较贵的资产例如:汽车,飞机,和游艇,抵扣销售税将会更加有利。税改限制了税和贷款利息的抵扣,但同时也放宽了其他项目的抵扣。例如取消了对逐项扣除的总上限,抵扣上线将不受调整后总收入(Adjusted Gross Income)的限制。纳税人需要谨慎考量以达到最高抵扣额。

在对逐项扣除的改变中,第五项(税的抵扣)会影响到大部分达到逐项扣除的纳税人。纳税人可以选择抵扣州和地方的所得税或销售税,还有一年中付过的房产税。不过在新的税法中对税的抵扣增加了一万的上限。这样就对拿W2和拥有较高地税房屋的纳税人有很大的影响,因为他们将无法全额抵扣所得税和地产税。如何选择所得税或销售税的抵扣将会影响纳税人逐项扣除的金额和明年的应税退款(Taxable Refunds)。

大多数人会选择抵扣所得税是因为销售税的金额相较太低,而且也很难得到准确的数字。一般人都不会把一年所有的收据存起来计算付了多少销售税。但是增加了抵扣上限限后,对于很多纳税人来说销售税会是较好的选择。销售税虽然比所得税少很多,但是不会产生应税退款。

税法对社会的影响,“减税和就业法案”(Tax Cuts and Jobs Act) 的税改法,成为美国自1986年以来最大规模的税改,也是川普上任一年以来第一次的立法胜利。税法改革中对标准扣除额(Standard deduction)和逐项扣除(Itemized deduction)的改变尤为重要。


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