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美国纳税人标准扣除额和分项扣除额之间的差异,哪种更好?


纳税人在提交纳税申报表时有两种选择,一种是标准扣减,另一种是逐项扣减。由于近年来税法的所有变化,包括标准扣减额的增加,大多数纳税人选择将为他们提供最低总税额的选项,过去逐项列出的人可能希望切换到标准扣除,以下是关于这两个选项的一些详细信息。

标准扣除

标准扣除额每年都略有增加,由于纳税状况的不同,标准扣除额取决于纳税人的纳税状况,纳税人年龄在65岁及以上或属于盲人,如果我们可以在一年的最后一天申报另一名纳税人为65岁及以上的受抚养人,纳税人有权获得更高的扣除标准。

大多数使用1040表格的申报人可以在表格的第一页找到他们的标准扣除额。大多数使用1040-SR表格的申报人在表格的第四页有他们的标准扣除额。

并非所有纳税人都有资格享受标准扣减,1040表和1040-SR表中的注释对此进行了说明:

  • 如果已婚个人选择单独申报,其配偶选择逐项列出扣除额如果配偶在个人纳税申报表上逐项列出,双方必须逐项列出扣除额;
  • 这对于提交纳税申报表不到12个月的个人来说是不寻常的,可能是因为他们的年度会计期间发生了变化;
  • 但是,在某些情况下,与美国公民结婚的非居民外国人或居住在美国的外国人可以选择标准扣减。

逐项扣除

纳税人选择通过申报附件A《表格 1040》逐项扣除额来逐项列出扣除额纳税人能申领的逐项扣除包括:

  • 州和地方所得税或销售税(State and local income tax or sales tax)
  • 房地产税和个人财产税(Real estate tax and personal property tax)
  • 房屋抵押贷款利息(Mortgage interest)
  • 房屋抵押贷款的抵押保险费(Mortgage insurance premium of housing mortgage loan)
  • 联邦宣布的灾难造成的财产损失和盗窃损失(Property damage and theft caused by federally declared disasters)
  • 向符合资格的慈善机构提供的馈赠(Gifts to eligible charities)
  • 超过调整后总收入5%的未报销医疗和牙科费用(Non reimbursed medical and dental expenses in excess of 5% of adjusted gross income)

部分逐项扣除,例如税收扣除,可能会受到限制。纳税人应查看附件A《表格 1040》的说明以获取有关限制的更多资讯。

美国八屋会计事务所可以为你办理美国公司年报(Annual Report Compliance)、美国公司记账服务(Bookkeeping)、美国工资单服务(Payroll)、美国销售税申报(Sales tax)等等,如有需要请联系我们的客服人员。


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