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比特币要报税吗?美国国家税务局税务指南


2014年,美国国家税务局(IRS)发布了加密货币税务指南,内容包括如何处理虚拟货币交易、支付、挖矿等活动的税务问题。根据指南,将加密货币交易为美元等货币定为一种应税事件。加密货币挖矿也应纳税,因为其被视为一种收入。相反,P2P转账、小额赠予、购买加密货币等行为不需要征税。

2019年10月,美国国税局发布了新的用于计算持有加密货币的应缴税款的指南。发布指南中涉及:创建加密货币分叉时的纳税情况;评估加密货币被作为收入时的方法;以及在出售加密货币时如何计算应纳税所得额。12月末,美国国税局将两个新的常见问题解答加入了其中,讨论了接受加密货币作为捐赠时慈善组织的责任。

2020年8月,美国国税局发布了1040号表“美国个人所得税申报表”草稿。在主表中设计了一个有关虚拟货币的问题,询问纳税人是否在2020年收发、买卖虚拟货币以及是否从中获得利息,而之前类似问题设置在附表中。

2020年12月,美国国税局发布了修订后的1040指令草案,草案阐明了虚拟货币一词所涵盖的内容。IRS使用术语virtualcurrency来描述用作交易媒介的各种类型的可转换虚拟货币,例如数字货币和加密货币,并指出,无论采用哪种说法,如果特定资产具有虚拟货币的特征,它将被视为虚拟货币。更新后的草案要求,如果公民在2020年期间购买了加密货币,则必须在第1页的虚拟货币问题上勾选“是”,尽管这可能不会触发任何应税事件。

根据美国国税局于2021年3月2日更新的加密货币常见问题解答(Q5),以法定货币进行的加密货币购买不受任何类型的美国国税局税务报告的约束。


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