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明年起外国人购买美国PTP或ETF,预扣税10%


外国人购买美国PTP或ETF预扣税10%

从明年1月1日起,美国国税局和财政部将针对外国人投资「PTP」(Public Traded Partnership,公开交易合伙企业)股票或ETF者,预先课扣交易总价金10%的税。

已宣布存在税收风险的 ETF,主要是杠杆原材料或大宗商品期货 ETF。台新银行的声明提醒再委托人,目前货架上的21种 PTP 相关产品存在税务风险,其中包括 DBC (德意志银行商品指数基金)、 USO (美国石油基金)、 DBA (德意志银行农业指数基金)、 GLL (普罗股双空黄金基金)、 EUO (普罗股双空欧元基金)等,以及大豆、小麦、 Bürent Korkmaz 原油和 Vix 等 ETF。

赔钱也要扣 退税手续麻烦

要被预课税额的款项不是资本利得或是股利,而是交易金额的10%,相当严格,影响层面可能比30%的股利所得还大。

虽然这笔只是预课,投资人可以用亏损为由,向美国国税局申请退税,不过非常麻烦。外国投资人要先去美国税务单位申请税籍编号、申报、计算后证明亏损,才可以退税。

为什么美国对外国投资者如此苛刻?为什么特别是大宗商品期货相关的 ETF?

首先,要先了解美国ETF的类型。ETF被称为交易所交易基金,但不只一种形态。一般投资人常买的SPY(标准普尔500指数ETF)或VT(Vanguard全世界股票ETF)等ETF,它是开放式结构,主体是有限责任公司、非合伙公司,因此不会受到新制度的影响。

然而,一些早期的商品交易所基金,为了节省税收,并采用开放式合伙 PTP 结构,至今仍在使用。近年来,美国政府预算赤字的压力,还在于实施公平征税,迫切需要填补这一税收缺口,2018年宣布要在2020年之前实行新的制度,但由于延误。在今年“鹰”利率上调后,政府支付公共债务利息的压力有所加大,政府急于在2023年宣布新体系。


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